A total of 7 experimental papers deal with this reaction. The reaction has been investigated both through characterisation of emitted neutron spectra and measurement of the activation product 18F. All papers were selected for further evaluation. The list of references given below is accompanied with additional information. We mention availability of data in the computerised database EXFOR (if available, unique EXFOR reference number is given). Further, we indicate a reason why a data set was excluded (reference denoted by an asterisk *).

Anderson J.D., Bloom S.D., Wong, Calvin, Hornyak W.F. and Madsen,V.A.:
Effective two-body force infered from the (p,n) reaction on ¹⁷O, ¹⁸O, ²⁷Al and other light nuclei.
Physical Review 177 (1969) 1416
Exfor: none
Remarks: The cross section data were deduced from absolute neutron yield measurements. The energy region below 6 MeV was not investigates. Cross sections for the population of different low levels were deduced from angular distribution measurements, but the data are not complete. The data are not available over the whole energy range for all levels. We summarized the available (scanty) values to obtain an idea about the magnitude and tendency of the total cross section. They are in acceptable agreement with other literature data.

Bair J.K.:
Total neutron yields from the proton bombardment of ^17,18O.
Physical Review C8 (1973) 120
Exfor: none
Remark: shows extremely low values in the investigated energy regions

Bair J.K., Miller P.D. and Wieland B.W.:
Neutron yields from the 4-12 MeV proton bombardment of ¹¹B, ¹³C and ¹⁸O as related to the production of ¹¹C, ¹³N and ¹⁸F.
International J. Applied Radiation Isotopes 32 (1981) 389
Exfor: none
Remark: A series of investigations were made by these authors in the period 1956-81.
They observed neutron yield in forward direction and measured activation cross sections using a recoil technique. They also measured total neutron yields in different energy ranges.

Blaser J.-P., Boehm F.M., Marmier P., Preiswerk P. and Scherrer P.:
Function d'excitation de la reaction O¹⁸(p,n)F¹⁸.
Helvetia Physica Acta 22 (1949) 598
Exfor: none
Remark: the residual ¹⁸F avtivity was measured by a stacked foil technique with rather poor resolution up to 7 MeV.
The values show extremely low values in the investigated energy region.

Blaser J.-P., Boehm F.M., Marmier P. and Scherrer P.:
Function d'excitation de la reaction (p,n) (III) elements legers.
Helvetia Physica Acta 24 (1952) 465
Exfor: none
Remark: some disagreement in the energy scale is noticed with the earlier publication of the same authors. This publication is probably a corrected version of the earlier one

Kitwanga S.W., Leleux P., Lipnik P. and Vanhorenbeeck J.:
Production of ^14,15O, ¹⁸F and ¹⁹Ne radioactive nuclei from (p,n) reactions up to 30 MeV.
Physical Review C42 (1990) 748
Exfor: none
Remark: only data points above 10 MeV.

Ruth T.J. and Wolf A.P.:
Absolute cross sections for the production of ¹⁸F via ¹⁸O(p,n)¹⁸F reaction.
Radiochimica Acta 26 (1979) 21
Exfor: A0235
Remark: if we do not consider the old data of Blaser et al (1949 and 1951), this is the only work for measurement of ¹⁸F production up to 10 MeV. About 10 MeV some data of Kitwanga et al (1990) are also available. The results seem to be reliable. This work is considered now as a reference experimental work.

The 6 data sets including those deduced from emitted neutrons (corrected values) are collected in Fig. 5.2.5a.

Cross sections were calculated by the fitting procedures Padé (with 14 and 20 parameters in two connecting energy regions). The result is compared with the selected experimental data in Fig. 5.2.5b. For reasons of clarity no errors are shown: they are, however, between 15 and 30%. It is seen that the fit does not follow well all the resonances. However, the major resonances at 3.5, 4.2, 5.2, 6.1 and 6.7 MeV are reproduced. This fit was chosen as the recommended curve. The yields calculated from the recommended cross sections are presented in Fig. 5.2.5c. The corresponding numerical values for recommended cross sections and yields are tabulated in Tab. 5.2.5a and Tab. 5.2.5b, respectively.

The radionuclide ¹⁸F is the most commonly used radioisotope in PET studies and the method of choice for its production is the ¹⁸O(p,n)¹⁸F reaction. In view of the extreme importance of this reaction and considering the discrepancies in the data, especially in the energy regions of the resonances, new measurements are recommended.
 
 

 

Yield References

 

C. W. Alword, S. S. Zigler:
Target Systems for the RDS-111 Cyclotron, Proceedings of Sixth Workshop on Targetry and
Target Chemistry, August 17-19, 1995" Vancouver, B.C. Canada, (eds. J. M.Link , T.Ruth), Canada, 1996, p.155

M. S. Berridge, K. W. Voelker, B. Bennigton:
High-yield, low-pressure ¹⁸O water targets of titanium and niobium for F-18 production on MC-17 cyclotrons
J. App. Radiat. Isot., 57 (2002) 303

N.A.M. van Bree, J.F.C.M. van den Broeck, W. van Genderen, J.J.M. de Goeij, A.G.M. Janssen:
Production of ¹⁸F using static and circulating [¹⁸O] -water targets,
Proc of 12^th Int. Conf. on Cyclotrons and their Applications
Berlin 1989, Eds, B. Martin and K. Ziegler, World Scientific (1991) p531

P.P. Dmitriev:
Radionuclide Yield in Reactions with Protons, Deuterons, Alpha Particles and Helium-3,
Moscow, Ehnergioatomizdat (1986), and INDC(CCP)-263/G+CN+SZ (1986)

P.P. Dmitriev:
Systematics of nuclear reaction yields for thick target at 22 MeV proton energy
Radiochimiya No.2 (1983) 57

P. P. Dmitriev, G. A. Molin:
Radionuclide yields for thick targets at 22 MeV proton energy
Journal Nuclear Constants, 44 (1981) 43

Ch. Engelmann:
Contribution a l etude de la determination de Be, C, N, O et F par activation au moyen de p, d, ³He et a.
Journal of Radioanal. Chemistry Vol. 7 (1971) 89.

I. Huszár, R. Weinreich:
Production of ¹⁸F with ¹⁸O enriched water target
J. Radioanalitycal and Nuclear Chemistry Letters 93 (1985) 349

N. N. Krasnov, P. P. Dmitriev, Z. P. Dmitrieva, I. O. Konstantinov, G. A. Molin:
N-13, C-11, F-18 Isotope Yields under charge particle irradiation of carbon and oxygen.
J. Atomnaja Energia, 27 (1969) 125 

N. N. Krasnov, P. P. Dmitriyev, S. P. Dmitriyeva, I. O. Konstantinov, G. A. Molin:
Experimental data on the yields of ¹¹C, ¹³N, ¹⁸F isotopes used for the detection of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and neighbouring light element impurities by means of activation analysis with different charged particles (p, d, ³He, a)
Proceedings of a Conference "The Use of Cyclotrons in Chemistry, Metallurgy and Biology" Oxford, 22-23  September 1969 (ed. C. B. Amplett), Butterworths, London, 1970, p.341.

R. J. Nickles, R. D. Hichwa, M. E. Daube, G. D. Hutchins, D. D. Congdon:
An ¹⁸O-target for the high yield production of ¹⁸F-Fluoride
J. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 34 (1983) 625  

R. J. Nickles, M. E. Daube, T. J. Ruth:
An ¹⁸O₂-target for the high yield production of [¹⁸F]-F₂
J. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 35 (1984) 117 

T. Nozaki, Y. Itoh, Z. L. Peng, N. Nakanashi, A. Goto, Y. Ito, H. Yoshida:
Preparation of ¹⁸F source for slow positron beam by proton bombardment of ¹⁸O-water
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 239 (1999) 175

T.J. Ruth, A.P. Wolf:
Absolute cross sections for the production of ¹⁸F via the ¹⁸O(p,n)¹⁸F reaction
Radiochimica Acta 26 (1979) 21

M. Vogt, I. Huszár, M. Argentini, H. Oehninger, R. Weinreich:
Improved production of [¹⁸F]Fluoride via the [¹⁸O]H₂O(p,n)¹⁸F reaction for no-carrier added nucleophilic syntheses
Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isotop. 37 (1986) 448