References for Tables and theoretical calculations of Stopping Powers, and for Computer Programs Abr02 I. Abril, R. Garcia-Molina, N.R. Arista, C.F. Sanz-Navarro Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 190, 89 Abr07 I. Abril, J.C. Moreno-Marin, J.M. Fernández-Varea, C.D. Denton, S. Heredia-Avalos, R. Garcia-Molina, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 256, 172 Akk14 A. Akkerman, M. Murat, J. Barak Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 321, 1 AL04 Program HIstop, N.R. Arista, A.F. Lifschitz, Adv. Quant. Chem. 45 (2004) 47 Arista 09 Program HIstop (see AL04). Additional calculations by N. R. Arista, personal communication to H. Paul, 2009 Arn90 A. Arnau, M. Penalba, P.M. Echenique, F. Flores, R.H. Ritchie Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 (1990) 1024 ATIMA ATomic Interactions in MAtter, available from http://www-linux.gsi.de/~weick/atima/atima.html AZ77 ANDERSEN, H.H., ZIEGLER, J.F., Hydrogen Stopping Powers and Ranges in all Elements, Pergamon Press, Elmsford, New York Bar10, Barbui, M., et al.: A new stopping power parametrization... Barb10 Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 268 (2010) 2377 BEST BEthe STopping computer program for bare projectiles by BERGER, M.J., BICHSEL, H. (1990 /1994) BEST1 BEST Stopping with Corrections according to Model 1 BEST2 BEST Stopping with Corrections according to Model 2 Bich02 H. Bichsel, Phys. Rev. A65 (2002) 052709 BT Binary Theory, P. Sigmund and A. Schinner, Phys. Scr. T92 (2001) 222 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 195 (2002) 64 BP95 BERGER, M.J., PAUL, H., Stopping Powers, Ranges and Straggling, Ch. 7 of: Atomic and Molecular Data for radiotherapy and radiation research, IAEA-TECDOC-799, Int. Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (1995) Cab00 CABRERA-TRUJILLO, R., SABIN, J.R., ÖHRN, Y., and DEUMENS, E. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 (2000) 5300 Cab02 CABRERA-TRUJILLO, R., ÖHRN, Y., SABIN, J.R., and DEUMENS, E. Phys. Rev. A 65 (2002) 024901 Cab05 CABRERA-TRUJILLO, R., SABIN, J.R., DEUMENS, E., and ÖHRN, Y., Adv. Quant. Chem. 48 (2005) 47 Cab08 CABRERA-TRUJILLO, R., SABIN, J.R., DEUMENS, E., and ÖHRN, Y., Phys. Rev. A 78 (2008) 012707 CasP see also GS00, GS01 CasP30 GRANDE, P.L., SCHIWIETZ, G., program CasP, version 3.0 (2004), downloaded from http://www.hmi.de/people/schiwietz/casp.html. This version now includes shell corrections CasP31 GRANDE, P.L., SCHIWIETZ, G., program CasP, version 3.1 (2004), downloaded from http://www.hmi.de/people/schiwietz/casp.html. This version can also calculate target-induced projectile ionization and excitation (which must be calculated separately and added), but the Barkas effect (polarization) is not yet included CasP40 GRANDE, P.L., SCHIWIETZ, G., program CasP, version 4.0 (2008), downloaded from http://www.hmi.de/people/schiwietz/casp.html. This version now includes a Barkas correction ("Barkas binary"). deVera14 Pablo de Vera, Isabel Abril and Rafael Garcia-Molina, Applied Radiation and Isotopes 83, 122 Diwan01 P.K. Diwan, Annu Sharma, Shyam Kumar Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 174 (2001) 267 Dent08 Denton, C.D., Abril, I., Moreno-Marin, J.C., Heredia-Avalos, S., Garcia-Molina, R. phys. stat. sol. (b) 245 (2008) 1498 EC86 Echenique, P.M., Nieminen, R.M., Ashley, J.C., Ritchie, R.H., Phys. Rev. A33 (1986) 897 Emf06 Emfietzoglou, D., Nikjoo, H., Pathak, A. Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 249, 26 Emf09 Emfietzoglou, D., Garcia-Molina, R., Kyriakou, I., Abril, I., Nikjoo, H., Phys. Med. Biol. 54, 3451 Fain96 Fainstein, P.D., Olivera, G.H., Rivarola, R.D. Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 107, 19 Fet06 Fettouhi, A., Geissel, H., Schinner, A., Sigmund, P. Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 245, 22 Francis11 Z. Francis, S. Incerti, K. Karamitros, H.N. Tran, C. Villagrasa Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 269 (2011) 2307 GarM09 Garcia-Molina, R., Abril, I., Denton, C.D., Heredia-Avalos, S. Kyriakou, I., Emfietzouglou, D. Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 267, 2647 GarM12 Garcia-Molina, R., Abril, I., Kyriakou, I., Emfietzouglou, D. Ch. 15 of "Radiation Damage in Biomolecular Systems", G. Garcia Gómez-Tejedor and M. Chr. Fuss, eds., Springer (2012) GB06 Grüner, F., and Bell, F., Nucl. Instr. Methods B 245 (2006) 15, and personal communication Geant4 Comprehensive program package for the passage of particles through matter, see V.N. Ivanchenko et al, www.ge.infn.it/geant4/papers/CERN-99-300.ps; K.Amako et al., Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 150 (2006) 44 GS93 Grande, P.L. and Schiwietz, G. Phys. Rev. A 47 (1993) 1119 GS00 GRANDE, P.L., SCHIWIETZ, G., program CasP, version 1.1, downloaded from http://www.hmi.de/people/schiwietz/casp.html. The program (version UCA) can use a single mean excitation energy ("I"); if subshell oscillator strengths are employed instead, this is indicated by "osc". The mean charge state version is used for screening in both cases. GS01 GRANDE, P.L., SCHIWIETZ, G., program CasP, version 1.2, downloaded from http://www.hmi.de/people/schiwietz/casp.html. Single mean ionization energy or subshell oscillator strengths like for GS00. But here, we use the charge state scan version for screening HA05a Heredia-Avalos, S., Moreno-Marin, J.C., Abril, I., Garcia-Molina, R. Nucl. Instrum. Methods. B 230, 118 HA05b Heredia-Avalos, S., Garcia-Molina, R., Fernandez-Varea, J.M, Abril, I., Phys. Rev. A 72, 052902 HA07 Heredia-Avalos, S., Abril, I., Denton, C.D., Moreno-Marín, J.C., Garcia-Molina, R., J. of Physics: Condensed Matter 19, 466205 HB00 HIRAOKA, T., and BICHSEL, H., Medical Standard Dose (Japan) 5 Sup. 1 (2000) 1 HU90 HUBERT, F., BIMBOT, R. GAUVIN, H., At.Data Nucl. Data Tables 46 (1990) 1 ICRU49 ICRU Report 49: Stopping Powers and Ranges for Protons and Alpha Particles, Intern. Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA (1993); programs PSTAR and ASTAR by M.J. Berger, Report NISTIR 4992 (1992), see also http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Star/Text/ASTAR.html. High energy stopping calculated according to BEST1, except for targets with Z = 47, 64, 74, 78, 79, 82, 92, which are calculated using BEST2 J82 JANNI, J.F., At. Data Nucl. Data Tabl. 27, 150, 341. Jav12 Javanainen, T., Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 285, 158 K93 KANEKO, T., At. Data Nucl. Data Tabl. 53, 271 Kim93 Kimura, M. Phys. Rev. 47 (1993) 2393 KO98 G.Konac, Ch.Klatt, S.Kalbitzer, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B146, 106 Mar12 Marouane, A., Inchaouh. J., Ouaskit, S., Fathi, A. Appl. Radiation Isotopes 70, 1089 MM02 Moreno-Marín, J.C., Abril, I., Garcia-Molina, R., Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 193, 30 MM06 Moreno-Marín, J.C., Abril, I., Heredia-Avalos, S., Garcia-Molina, R., Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 249, 29, and personal communication Mon08 Montanari, C.C., Miraglia, J.E., Behar, M., Duarte, P.F., Arista, N.R., Eckardt, J.C., Lantschner, G.H. Phys. Rev. A 77, 042901 Mon09a Montanari, C.C., Archubi, C.D., Mitnik, D.M., Miraglia, J.E., Phys. Rev. A 79, 032903 Mon09b Montanari, C.C., Mitnik, D.M., Archubi, C.D., Miraglia, J.E., Phys. Rev. A 80, 012901 Mon10 Personal communication from C.C.Montanari, 2010 Mon14 C.C. Montanari, J.E. Miraglia J. of Physics B 47, 015201; J. of Physics Conf. Ser. 488, 102014 MNCPX Monte Carlo N-Particle extended code, available from http://www.mncpx.lanl.gov MSTAR Program MSTAR, version 1, by PAUL, H. and SCHINNER, A., Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B 179 (2001) 299, and version 2, PAUL, H. and SCHINNER, A., Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B 195 (2002) 166 MSTAR3 PAUL, H. and SCHINNER, A., program MSTAR, version 3 (Nov., 2002; http://www.exphys.jku.at/stopping/) NS70 NORTHCLIFFE, L.C., SCHILLING, R.F., Nucl. Data Tables A7, 233 Oja14 A. Ojanperä, A.V. Krashennikov, M. Puska Phys. Rev. B 89, 035120 and supplemental material http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevB.89.035120 Oliv94 G.H. Olivera, A.E. Martínez, R.D. Rivarola, P.D. Fainstein Phys. Rev. A 49 (1994) 603 See also Fain96 OS84 ODDERSHEDE, J., SABIN, J.R., At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 31, 281 PASS see BT (Binary Theory). Taken from tables published in ICRU Report 73 (2005) PSS91 PAUL, H., SEMRAD, D., SEILINGER, A., Nucl. Instrum. Methods B61 (1991) 261 Sch15 A. Schleife, Y. Kanai, A.A. Correa, Phys. Rev. B 91 (2015) 014306 SFSS04 A.Sharma, A.Fettouhi, A.Schinner, P.Sigmund, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 218 (2004) 19 Sing13 Hemalata Singh, S.K.Rathi, A.S. Verma Univ. J. Medical Science 1(2), 17 SG11 G.Schiwietz, P.L.Grande Phys. Rev. A84 (2011) 052703 This version of CasP includes electron capture by the projectile SRIM New name of TRIM program package as of 1996 (DOS-version), now available via internet from Ziegler (see: http://www.research.ibm.com/ionbeams/) SRIM 2000 New Windows Version of SRIM, available through Internet: http://www.research.ibm.com/ionbeams/SRIM/SRIMLEGL.HTM from Version 40 on: http://www.srim.org/ SRIM 2003 available from http://www.srim.org/. See Z03 SRIM 2006 available from http://www.srim.org/. See Z06 SRIM 2008 available from http://www.srim.org/. See Z08 TRIM89 Monte Carlo program describing TRansport of Ions through Matter by BIERSACK, J.P., ZIEGLER, J.F., based on ZBL85; available on diskette from J.F. Ziegler. TRIM90 like TRIM89, but 3-dimensional, and with graphical output. Note that a statement forbidding an energy increase between any two collisions has the effect that energy straggling is too small TRIM91 like TRIM90, but with different definition of lateral straggling and of skewness and kurtosis of range. Also, energy straggling is linearly reduced below the Bohr value for energies below the stopping power maximum. Energy straggling only calculated for Z1 < 4. TRIM92 like TRIM91, but flight path within a layer now decreases toward layer edge to avoid unphysical peaks near an edge; also, straggling is artificially kept below 20% of the csda energy loss; hence the energy straggling is even lower than that of TRIM90. From version 92.05 on, nuclear stopping for compounds is calculated using Bragg additivity. TRIM95 Comprehensive change in all Ion Stopping Powers compared to earlier versions. T2D Two-dimensional TRIM program by BIERSACK, J.P. Ueh00 Uehara, S,, Toburen, L.H., Wilson, W.E., Goodhead, D.T., Nikjoo, H. Radiation Physics and Chem. 59, 1 YC02 Yang Chen, Di Li, Geng Wang, Li Lin, Stimit Oak, Gaurav Shrivastav, Al F. Tasch and Sanjay K. Banerjee, J. Comp. Electronics 1 (2002) 241 Z77 ZIEGLER, J.F., Helium: Stopping Powers and Ranges in all elemental Matter, Pergamon Press, Elmsford, New York. ZBL85 ZIEGLER, J.F., BIERSACK, J.P., LITTMARK, U., The Stopping and Ranges of Ions in Matter, Vol. 1, Plenum, New York. According to the title of the book, this is for solids only. Z89 Stopping power program contained in TRIM89. This program contains a correction for relativistic projectiles (in the ZBL85 version, the stopping power keeps decreasing toward high energy rather than going through a minimum). The expansion coefficients A1 to A8 are contained in file SCOEF.88; some of them are different from those in ZBL85. Otherwise, the stopping power routine is identical to the one in ZBL85. Z90-Z92 Stopping power programs contained in TRIM90, TRIM91, andTRIM92. The stopping powers are identical to those of Z89, but the programs now offer bonding corrections for compounds, developed by Ziegler and Manoyan. Even though these were derived for solids, the programs also offer bonding corrections for some gaseous and liquid compounds. Z95 Stopping power program contained in TRIM95. The algorithms used now differ from earlier versions, and the coefficients in file SCOEF.95 differ from the earlier ones. The program now has special coefficients for gaseous targets (table SCOEFGAS for H, He, N, O, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe). Coefficients for solid forms of these gases are contained in table SCOEF.95; these are used for solid compounds like Al2O3. From version 95.9 on (August, 1995), the program will also calculate the stopping powers of gaseous targets for heavy ions. Z96 Stopping power program contained in SRIM (unchanged since version 95.9). Files SCOEF.95a, SCOEF.95b and SCOEFGAS.95 are also unchanged since August 95, except for stopping power of a tungsten target. Z98 Stopping-and-Range part of SRIM 2000, Version 00.08 (Nov. 98). Files SCOEF.95a, SCOEF.95b and SCOEFGAS.95 are the same as in Z96. Nevertheless, the Z98 stopping power is only sometimes identical with earlier versions. Sometimes, it differs from earlier versions (e.g., Li ions in Al), and sometimes it appears much too high at high energy (e.g., Li on Ni, Be on C, Ne in C). According to Ziegler, special attention was made to the Barkas Effect and theoretical stopping of Li ions Z99 Stopping-and-Range part of SRIM 2000, version 10 (beta-test version, Jan. 99) and version 33, Sept. 99. European users should make sure to have their PC's set to use decimal points rather than kommas, otherwise the stopping powers for He ions, e.g., may be off by a factor 10 at the maximum! Z00 Stopping-and-Range part of SRIM 2000, version 2000.39 (March 2000) Z01 Stopping-and-Range part of SRIM 2000, version 2000.40 (May 2001) Z03 Stopping-and-Range part of SRIM 2003, version 2003.10 (November 2002) New theoretical calculations for the stopping of heavy ions at lower energies. Stopping of Mg in C, e.g., much too large at low energies. This has been repaired in version 12 (February, 2003). Version 26 is the "final" version (2004) Z06 Stopping-and-Range part of SRIM 2006, version 2006.02 (2006). Stopping powers and ranges are identical to those calculated by SRIM 2003. Z08 Stopping-and-Range part of SRIM 2008, version 2008.03 (2008). Stopping powers and ranges are identical to those calculated by SRIM 2003.26, but additional compounds have been added. Zeb12 M.A. Zeb, J. Kohanoff, D. Sánchez-Portal, A. Arnau, J.I. Juaristi, E. Artacho Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 (2012) 225504 Zeb13 M.A. Zeb, J. Kohanoff, D. Sánchez-Portal, E. Artacho Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 303, 59