In this page you can find the available values for the electronic stopping power of H ions (in 10-15eV cm2/atom), plotted versus equivalent proton energy. The data reference codes are explained in the list of all data references , and the curve designations in the list of stopping power tables and programs.
At present, graphs and data are available for the following targets (to download all the experimental data for Hydrogen Ions click here):
| Ions | Target | Graph | Files | Comments |
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H ions |
Acetylene |
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H ions |
Ag |
At low energy, stopping is proportional to v, but at 1 keV, the proportionality constant changes (see Gö13) |
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H ions |
Air |
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H ions |
Al, versus v |
For H in Al, stopping is proportional to velocity |
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H ions |
Al |
CasP5.2 is hight below 80 keV. SRIM13 may be low at the stopping maximum. Zeb 13 is for the few keV energy region. |
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H ions |
Al2O3 |
The large binding effect of this compound is not well described by Ziegler’s program |
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H ions |
Ar |
Z03 agrees well with the data, ZBL85=Z92 was too low. After including electron capture, SG11 agrees with data at the maximum. |
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H ions |
Au |
Data: a total of 70 experimental references, separated in 3 groups. A threshold for emission of 5d electrons has been found by Mk08 at 0.9 keV/nucleon. |
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H ions |
Au, versus v |
The measurements by Mk07 and Mk08 (similar to those by Fg07 for channeled ions) show a threshold effect at v = 0.19 v0. The theory byZeb12 shows a change of steepness there. |
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H ions |
B |
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H ions |
Be |
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H ions |
Bi |
Good agreement of Z03 with the data |
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H ions |
Br |
Excellent agreement between Ba84 and the Z03 curve for gaseous Br |
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H ions |
C amorphous |
SRIM03, ICRU49, CasP3.0, Oja14 agree well with the data. The more recent CasP5.2 appear high around the stopping maximum, closer to OS84 and data by Me80, Ny78 and Jo71. |
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H ions |
Ca |
At low energy, the Ep94a data are higher than all the semiempirical curves |
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H ions |
Cd |
Excellent agreement of Z03 with the scant data |
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H ions |
Ce |
The low Si72 data are apparently incorrect (see Kn80) |
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H ions |
CH4 |
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H ions |
Cl |
Excellent agreement between Z03 and the only data (Ba84) |
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H ions |
Co |
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H ions |
CO2 |
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H ions |
Cr |
Good agreement of Z03 with all the data |
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H ions |
Cu Cu low energies |
The Md53, Gt 62and No75 data appear too low. Different theoretical curves, ICRU and SRIM2013 are included. |
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H ions |
Diamond |
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H ions |
Ethylene |
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H ions |
Fe |
Good agreement of Z03 with all the data (except for Ar69) |
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H ions |
Formvar |
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H ions |
Ga |
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H ions |
GaAs |
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H ions |
GaSb |
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H ions |
Gd |
Excellent agreement of Z03 with the data, ICRU49 is too high |
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H ions |
Ge, versus v |
There is a clear threshold velocity |
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H ions |
Ge |
Discrepancy especially between Me82a and Ep92. But Mertens data before 1986 tend to be generally high |
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H ions |
Graphite |
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H ions |
H2 |
SRIM13 and J82 (ADNDT82) are good, different at low energies. The Cr42 data are too low |
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H ions |
H2O Phase effect (solid, liquid, gas) |
The ICRU and Z03 curves agree with the vapor data. The gas-solid difference of ICRU ( 13%) is close to the experimental value. The phase effect is not clear around the maximum. More data is needed, mainly for liquid water. Biological applications! |
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H ions |
H2O vapor |
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H ions |
H2O solid and liquid, log |
First measurements of stopping power of liquid water for protons! |
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H ions |
H2O solid and liquid, linear |
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H ions |
H2O liq. rel. |
Relative graph shows discrepancies |
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H ions |
Havar |
Excellent agreement of the data with each other and with Z03 |
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H ions |
He |
The two measurements Gl91 and RG01, though in mutual conflict, show a very strong threshold effect. At low energy, ICRU49 = AZ77 is too high (velocity proportional!). The theories GS93, Kim93 and Oliv94 support the Gl91 data, but not RG01. The Cab00 theory appears to support RG01, but it is too low since it considers only protons, not H atoms. |
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H ions |
Hf |
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H ions |
HfO2 |
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H ions |
Hydroxy apatite |
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H ions |
In |
Excellent agreement of Z03 with the data |
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H ions |
Kapton (Polyimide) |
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H ions |
KCl, versus v |
The new Mk09 data show an extrapolated threshold |
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H ions |
Kr |
SG11 agrees with data at the maximum, due to inclusion of electron capture |
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H ions |
Li |
Z03 is good, but earlier versions are too low |
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H ions |
LiF |
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H ions |
LiF, versus v |
The new Mk09 data show a stopping power threshold at v = 0.1 a.u. (250 eV/u) |
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H ions |
LR-115 |
Cellulose Nitrate Nuclear Track Detector |
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H ions |
Methane |
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H ions |
Mg |
The large gas-solid difference found by Bauer et al is not described by Ziegler’s program Z03 |
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H ions |
Mo |
SRIM13 describes the data, except Iz80 (stopping maximum) |
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H ions |
Mylar |
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H ions |
N2 |
The low points due to B82a are for solid N2 |
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H ions |
Nb |
The Bh73 data appear too low compared to Si84, Bi86, and Z03 is too high |
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H ions |
Ne |
CasP5.0 is too low, but SG11 agrees with data at the maximum, due to inclusion of electron capture |
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H ions |
Ni |
Here, there is an old discrepancy: many data are higher than the Linz data due to Se86a. It could be that many transmission measurements are high (cf. Mertens, Bauer, Semrad, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B15(1986) 91) |
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H ions |
O2 |
Excellent agreement between all data and Z03 |
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H ions |
Pb |
At low energy, the Ep92 data look unusual, but the Mont09a curve is close to them. |
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H ions |
Pd |
Excellent agreement of Z03 with the scant data |
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H ions |
Polycarbonate |
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H ions |
Polyethylene |
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H ions |
Polypropylene |
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H ions |
Polystyrene |
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H ions |
Polyvinyltoluene |
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H ions |
Propylene |
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H ions |
Pt |
ICRU49 agrees with Pr12, and is higher than SRIM13. At low energy, stopping is proportional to velocity (Gö13, Cel15) |
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H ions |
Rb |
Z03 agrees very well with Ep94b; earlier curves are too low |
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H ions |
Sb |
Excellent agreement of Z03 with the data |
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H ions |
Si |
The Ar69 and Gm76 data appear too low. SRIM 2006 and SRIM 2003 give identical stopping powers |
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H ions |
SiC |
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H ions |
SiO2 |
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H ions |
SiO2, versus v |
The Mk09a data show a threshold at low velocity |
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H ions |
Sn |
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H ions |
Sr |
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H ions |
SrTiO3 |
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H ions |
Ta |
The Si72 data appear too low compared to Lu79, Si84, etc. |
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H ions |
Ti |
The Gt62 and Ar69 data appear too high compared to Or71 |
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H ions |
TiO2 |
No data around the stopping maximum, differences among theoretical curves and SRIM |
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H ions |
V |
Excellent agreement of Z03 with the data |
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H ions |
W |
Excellent agreement of Z03 with the data |
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H ions |
Xe |
Excellent agreement of Z03 with the data; ICRU 49 fits less well at 2000 keV |
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H ions |
Y |
At the maximum, all the curves are below the data |
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H ions |
Yb |
The low Si72 data are apparently incorrect (see Kn80) |
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H ions |
Zn |
The large gas-solid difference found by Bauer et al is not described by Ziegler’s program |
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H ions |
Zn, versus v |
Low energy figure and data |
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H ions |
ZnO |
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H ions |
ZnSiP2 |
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H ions |
Zr |
Excellent agreement between Z03 and the scant data |
Graphs are generally shown when at least two or three data files are available for the particular target. Click here to get the compressed version of all the origin files for H ions. To download all the files of experimental data (including those not yet shown in the graphs), click here.
Here is the complete list of data for hydrogen ions available in the files. In this list, every line corresponds to one data file. The targets are ordered alphabetically. The headings in the list have the following meaning:
| M | Mass Number of Projectile |
| Eq. Energy | Equivalent Proton Energy, i.e., energy of a proton of equal speed |
| Error | Error in percent. "e" means estimate. |
| Ref. | Reference Code, see list of all data references |
| Meas. | Number of measurement within the publication (you don’t need that!)/p> |
| Method | Method of measurement according to classification by Paul, Semrad and Seilinger, Table 5 |
| Ag. | State of aggregation (s: solid; g: gaseous). G: graphite (as opposed to amorphous carbon) |
| File | File designation: the file name Al.005, e.g., means file number 5 for hydrogen ions on Al. |
See also: H. Paul et al, Reference stopping cross sections for hydrogen and helium ions in selected elements, Nucl. Instr. Methods in Phys. Res. B61 (1991) 261.