Literature
Code developer technical reports
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[Link]
Gunnink R, Niday JB, Siemens PD. System for plutonium analysis by gamma ray spectrometry. Part I. Techniques for analysis of solutions. 1974.
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[Link]
Gunnink R, Ruhter WD, Niday JB. Program listings for GRPANL: A suite of computer programs for analyzing complex Ge and alpha-particle detector spectra: Volume 3. 1989.
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Gunnink R. MGAU: A Brief Review of the Method and some Results. In: Proc. Int. MGA User’s Workshop, IRMM; 1994. p. 179.
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[Link]
Gunnink R. MGA (Multi-Group Analysis): A gamma-ray spectrum analysis code for determining plutonium isotopic abundances volume 1. 1990. Report UCRL-LR-103220-Vol.1.
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Gunnink R. In: Proceedings of International MGA User’s Workshop, IRMM; 1994. p. 179. Report EUR-16163.
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Gunnink R, Arlt R, Berndt R. In: Proceedings of 19th Annual ESARDA Symposium; 1997. p. 431. Report EUR17665EN.
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Berlizov AN, Tryshyn VV. Evaluating factors limiting the accuracy of the isotopic characterization of uranium by the MGAU method. In: Proceedings of International Workshop on Gamma Evaluation Codes for Plutonium and Uranium Isotope Abundance Measurements by High-Resolution Gamma Spectrometry; 2005.
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Gunnink R, Arlt R, Berndt R. New Ge and NaI Analysis Methods for Measuring 235U Enrichments. 19th Annual Symposium of the ASRDA. 1997.
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[Link]
Gunnink R. Simulation study of plutonium gamma ray groupings for isotopic ratio determination. Lawrence Livermore National Lab.; 1974. Report UCRL-51605.
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[Link]
Gunnink R. Status of plutonium isotopic measurements by gamma-ray spectrometry. American Nuclear Society 21st Annual Meeting. 1975. Report UCRL-76418.
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Helmer RG, Heath RL, Metcalf DD, Cazier GA. A Linear Least-Squares Fitting Program for the Analysis of Gamma-Ray Spectra Including a Gain-Shift Routine. Idaho Falls: Phillips Petroleum Co. Atomic Energy Div.; 1964. Report IDO-17015.
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Schonfeld E. Alpha M —: An improved computer program for determining radioisotopes by least-squares resolution of the gamma-ray spectra. Nuclear Instruments and Methods. 1967;52(1):177-8.
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Fleissner JG. Evaluating factors limiting the accuracy of the isotopic characterization of uranium by the MGAU method. Journal of the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management. 1981:461-6.
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[Link]
Fleissner JG. GRPAUT: a program for Pu isotopic analysis (a user’s guide). ISPO task A. 76. Mound Plant; 1981. Report MLM-2799; ISPO-128.
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[Link]
Kelley TA, Sampson TE. PC/FRAM, Version 3.2 User Manual. Los Alamos: Los Alamos National Lab.; 1999. Report LA-UR-99-998.
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[Link]
Kelley TA, Sampson TE, Keyser RM, Twomey TR. Recent Developments Of The PC/FRAM Code. In: Symposium on safeguards and nuclear material management, 21st Annual Meeting ESARDA; 1999. p. 753-8.
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Kelley TA, Sampson TE. Software User Manual, PC/FRAM, Version 4. Los Alamos: Los Alamos National Lab.; 2002. Report LA-UR-02-5268.
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[Link]
Sampson TE, Kelley TA, Cremers TL, Konkel TR, Friar RJ. PC/FRAM: New capabilities for the gamma-ray spectrometry measurement of plutonium isotopic composition. Los Alamos: Los Alamos National Lab.; 1995. Report LA-UR-95-3297.
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Sampson TE, Kelley TA, Vo DT. Improvements in the PC/FRAM Isotopic Analysis Software. In: Sixth International Conference on Facility Operations Safeguards Interface. American Nuclear Society; 1999. p. 206-11.
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[Link]
Vo DT, Sampson TE. Uranium Isotopic Analysis with the FRAM Isotopic Analysis Code. Los Alamos: Los Alamos National Lab.; 1999. Report LA-13580.
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[Link]
Cremers TL, Malcolm JE, Bonner CA. Comparison of three gamma-ray isotopic determination codes: FRAM, MGA, and TRIFID. Los Alamos National Lab.; 1993. Report LAUR-93-2848.
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ORTEC. PC/FRAM-B32 Plutonium and Uranium Isotopic Analysis Software; 2002.
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ORTEC. ISOTOPIC Supervisor. Program for Radioactive Waste Characterization Software User’s Manual; 2004.
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ORTEC. Getting Started in ISOTOPIC v3.1 Program for Radioactive Waste Characterization. Installation and Startup Guide; 2004.
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Gunnink R, Arlt R. Illicit Trafficking Isotope Identification: Software Problems and Solutions;. Unpublished report presented at the Technical Coordination meeting on Hand-Held Device Isotope Identifiers, January 8-11, 2002 IAEA, Vienna. Copies available on request.
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[Link]
Gunnik R. Use of Isotope Correlation Techniques to Determine 242Pu Abundance. Journal of the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management. 1980;9(2):83-93.
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[Link]
Vo DT, Hansen JS, , Li TK. Plutonium Isotopic Analysis Using Low-Energy Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy. In: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Facility Operations—Safeguards Interface. Los Alamos National Lab.. American Nuclear Society; 1999. p. 173-8. Report LA-UR-99-4890.
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[Link]
Vo DT, Li TK. PLUTONIUM ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS WITH FRAM V4 IN THE LOW ENERGY REGION. In: Institute of Nuclear Materials Management 42nd Annual Meeting. Los Alamos National Lab.; 2001. Report LA-UR-01-3538.
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[Link]
Vo DT, Li TK. plutonium isotopic analysis in the 30 KeV to 210 KeV range. In: 23rd ESARDA Annual Meeting Symposium on Safeguards and Nuclear Material Management. Los Alamos National Lab.; 2001. Report LA-UR-01-2264.
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[Link]
Ruhter WD, Gunnink R. Recent improvements in plutonium gamma-ray analysis using MGA. In: Institute of Nuclear Materials Management (INMM) annual meeting. vol. 24. Lawrence Livermore National Lab.; 1992. Report UCRL-JC–109620.
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[Link]
Sampson TE. Plutonium isotopic composition by gamma-ray spectroscopy: a review. Los Alamos: Los Alamos National Lab.; 1986. Report LA-10750-MS.
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[Link]
Gunnink R. Plutonium isotopic analysis of nondescript samples by gamma-ray spectrometry. In: 25th conference on analytical chemistry and nuclear technology. Lawrence Livermore National Lab.; 1981. Report UCRL-86737.
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[Link]
Sampson TE, Johnson S, Kroncke K. 242Pu isotopic verification; 1980. Report LA-8372-MS.
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[Link]
Sampson TE, Hsue ST, Parker JL, Johnson SS, Bowersox DF. The determination of plutonium isotopic composition by gamma-ray spectroscopy. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. 1982;193(1):177-83.
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[Link]
Sampson TE, Parker JL. Equations for plutonium and americium-241 decay corrections. Los Alamos: Los Alamos National Lab.; 1986. Report LA-10733-MS.
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[Link]
Gunnink R, Ruther WD, Miller P, Goerten J, Swinhoe M, Wagner H, et al. MGAU: A New Analysis Code for Measuring U-235 Enrichments in Arbitrary Samples. Livermore, CA: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; 1994. Report UCRL-JC-114713.
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[Link]
Abousahl S, Michiels A, Bickel M, Gunnink R, Verplancke J. Applicability and limits of the MGAU code for the determination of the enrichment of uranium samples. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 1996;368(2):443-8.
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[Link]
Abousahl S, Michiels A, Bickel M, Gunnink R, Verplancke J. The MGA code for the determination of the isotopic composition of plutonium and MOX by gamma spectrometry — A performance study. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 1996;368(2):449-56.
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[Link]
Berlizov AN, Gunnink R, Zsigrai J, Nguyen CT, Tryshyn VV. Performance testing of the upgraded uranium isotopics multi-group analysis code MGAU. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 2007;575(3):498-506.
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[Link]
Bracken D, McKown T, Sprinkle JK Jr, Gunnink R, Kartoshov M, Kuropatwinski J, et al. Peak fitting applied to low-resolution enrichment measurements. Los Alamos National Lab.; 1998. Report LA-UR-98-2436.
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[Link]
Burr TL, Sampson TE, Vo DT. Statistical evaluation of FRAM -ray isotopic analysis data. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 2005;62(6):931-40.
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[Link]
Gardner GH, Koskelo M, Moeslinger M, Mayer RLI, McGinnis BR, Wishard B. The IMCA: A field instrument for uranium enrichment measurements. In: 37th annual meeting of the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management. Inst of Nuclear Materials Management.; 1996.
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[Link]
Kelley TA, Sampson TE, DeLapp D. PC/FRAM: Algorithms for the gamma-ray spectrometry measurement of plutonium isotopic composition. In: 5th international conference on facility-safeguards interface. Los Alamos National Lab.. American Nuclear Society; 1995. Report LA-UR–95-3326.
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Sampson TE. Verification and Validation of the FRAM Isotopic Analysis Software. Los Alamos National Lab.; 2003. Report LA-14057.
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[Link]
Ruhter WD, Gunnink R. Measurement of plutonium and uranium isotopic abundances by gamma-ray spectrometry. In: 11th international workshop on accurate measurements in nuclear spectroscopy. Lawrence Livermore National Lab.; 1996. Report UCRL-JC-123412.
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[Link]
Sampson TE, Nelson GW, Kelly TA. FRAM: A Versatile Code for Analyzing the Isotopic Composition of Plutonium. Los Alamos National Lab.; 1990. Report LA-UR—90-2204.
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[Link]
Sampson TE, Nelson GW, Kelley TA. FRAM: A versatile code for analyzing the isotopic composition of plutonium from gamma-ray pulse height spectra. Los Alamos National Lab.; 1989. Report LA-11720-MS.
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[Link]
Sampson TE. Gamma-ray isotopic analysis development at Los Alamos. Los Alamos National Lab.; 1999. Report LA-13667-MS.
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[Link]
Sampson TE, Kelley TA. PC/FRAM: a code for the nondestructive measurement of the isotopic composition of actinides for safeguards applications. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 1997;48(10):1543-8. Report LA-UR-96-3543.
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[Link]
Sampson TE, Kelley TA. The FRAM code: Description and some comparisons with MGA. In: MGA user‘s workshop. Los Alamos National Lab.; 1994. Report LA-UR-94-3331.
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[Link]
Vo DT. Generalization of the FRAM’s Bias. Los Alamost National Lab.; 2005. Report LA-14253.
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[Link]
Vo DT, Sampson TE. Improvement in the Plutonium Parameter Files of the FRAM Isotopic Analysis Code. Los Alamost National Lab.; 2000. Report LA-13678-MS.
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[Link]
Li TK, Vo DT, Seo PN. Testing the Ortec’s Isotopic and Eberline’s Snap Software for Uranium Waste Measurements. In: 25th Annual Meeting Symposium on Safeguards and Nuclear Materials Management. Los Alamos National Laboratory; 2003. Report EUR–20700-EN.
End user technical reports
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Verplancke J, Davidson D, Gillespie B, Koskelo M, Bronson F, Gunnink R, et al. Applying MGA for Waste Characterization. In: Waste Management 95; 1995.
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[Link]
Friar RJ, Sampson TE. Plutonium isotopic abundance measurements on CBNM NRM 271 analyzed with the FRAM and MGA codes. Los Alamos National Lab.; 1992. Report LA-12309-MS.
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[Link]
Hypes PA. Plutonium source isotopic analysis with up to 25 mm Pb shielding using the FRAM Isotopic Analysis Code. In: Institute of Nuclear Material Management, 41st Annual Meeting. Los Alamos National Lab.; 2000. Report LA-UR-00-2511.
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[Link]
Hypes PA, Bracken DS, Sampson TE, Taylor WA. Analysis of americium-beryllium neutron source composition using the FRAM code. In: Institute of Nuclear Materials Management, 43rd Annual Meeting. Los Alamos National Lab.; 2002. Report LA-UR-02-2529.
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[Link]
Hypes PA, Mercer DJ, Dinwiddie DR. Gamma-ray isotopic analysis of plutonium within highly attenuating shipping containers. In: Institute of Nuclear Materials Management, 42nd Annual Meeting. Los Alamos National Lab.; 2001. Report LA-UR-01-3510.
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[Link]
Dragnev TN, Damjanov BP. Methods for precise absolute gamma spectrometric measurements of uranium and plutonium isotopic ratios. Nuclear Safeguards Technology 1978 (Proc Symp Vienna, 1978). 1979;1:739-52.
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Hagenauer RC. Nondestructive uranium enrichment determination in process holdup deposits. Nuclear Materials Management (Proc 32nd Ann Mtg). 1991;20.
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Dermendjiev E, Lauppe W, Schinzer F. Mass Verification of UF6 Stored in 30-Inch Cylinders. In: International Symposium on Recent Advances in Nuclear Materials Safeguards; 1982. Report IAEA-SM-260/4.
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Strittmatter RB, Leavitt JN, Slice RW. Conceptional Design for The Field Test and Evaluation of The Gas-Phase UF5 Enrichment Meter. Los Alamos National Lab.; 1980. Report LA-8657-MS.
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[Link]
Stewart JE; General Electric Co. A Modular Enrichment Measurement System for In-Situ Enrichment Assay. Journal of the INMM. Winter 1976-1977;5(4).
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Walton RB, Whitted EI, Forster RA. Gamma-Ray Assay of Low-Enriched Uranium Waste. Nuclear Technology. 1974;24(1):81-92.
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Zsigrai J, Nguyen CT. Determining 234U isotopic ratio in highly enriched uranium. In: roceedings of International Workshop on Gamma Evaluation Codes for Plutonium and Uranium Isotope Abundance Measurements by High-Resolution Gamma Spectrometry; 2005.
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Reilly TD, Martin ER, Parker JL, Speir LG, Walton RB. A Continuous In-Line Monitor for UF6 Enrichment. Nuclear Technology. 1974;23(3):318-27.
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Parker JL, Reilly TD. Plutonium isotopic determination by g-ray spectroscopy. Los Alamos National Lab.; 1974. Report LA-5675-PR.
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[Link]
Kraner HW. On the Use of Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy to Determine Pu Isotopic Abundances in Plutonium Sources. Brookhaven National Laboratory; 1970. Report BNL-50237 (T-573).
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Hagenauer RC, Rollen HY, Whitaker JM, II RLM, 1998 TB. Nondestructive Measurement of UF6 Cylinders at the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant. In: INMM 39th Annual Meeting; 1998.
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[Link]
Lebrun A, Merelli M, Szabo JL, Huver M, Arlt R, , et al. SMOPY a new NDA tool for safeguards of LEU and MOX spent fuel. International Atomic Energy Agency; 2003. Report (IAEA-SM-367/14/03 47).
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[Link]
Beck HL, DeCampo J, Gogolak C. In Situ Ge(Li) and NaI(T1) Gamma-Ray Spectrometry. US DOE; 1972. Report HASL-258.
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[Link]
Gunnink R, Prindle AL, Asakura Y, Masui J, Ishiguro N, Kawasaki A, et al. Evaluation of TASTEX task H: measurement of plutonium isotopic abundances by gamma-ray spectrometry. Lawrence Livermore National Lab.; 1981. Report UCRL-52950.
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[Link]
Hurd JR, Bonner CA, Ostenak CA, Phelan PF, Powell WD, Sheer NL, et al. REBOCOL (Robotic Calorimetry): An automated NDA (Nondestructive assay) calorimetry and gamma isotopic system. In: Winter meeting of the American Nuclear Society. Los Alamos National Lab.; 1989. Report LA-UR-89-3837.
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[Link]
Longmire VL, Cremers TL, Sedlacek WA, Long SM, Scarborough AM, Hurd JR. Isotopic ratios and effective power determined by gamma-ray spectroscopy vs mass spectroscopy for molten salt extraction residues. In: Institute of nuclear materials management conference. Los Alamos National Lab.; 1990. Report LA-UR-90-2384.
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Mercer DJ, Allen GR, Baker MC, Betts SE, Estep RJ, Miko DK, et al. PAN, TGS, and FRAM Measurements for the First Shipments to WIPP. Nuclear Materials Management. 1999;28.
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Parker JL, Brooks M. Accurate, Wide-Range Uranium Enrichment Measurements by Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy. I. Characterization of Enrichment Standards, II. Demonstration of Enrichment Measurement Capability. Los Alamos National Lab.; 1988. Report LA-11277-MS.
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[Link]
Sampson TE, Hypes PA, Vo DT. FRAM isotopic analysis of uranium in thick-walled containers using high energy gamma rays and planar HPGe detectors. In: 43rd Annual INMM Meeting. Los Alamos National Lab.;2002. Report LA-UR-02-2530.
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Shaw RST. The Routine Non-destructive Measurement of the U-235 Concentration of Enriched Uranium Hexafluoride in Transit Cylinders using High Resolution Gamma Spectrometry. British Nuclear Fuels Ltd.;.
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Interational Atomic Energy Agency. Final Report on the IAEA Technical Meeting on Techniques for IAEA Verification of Enrichment Activities. IAEA Department of Safeguards, Division of Technical Support (SGTS), Division of Concepts and Planning (SGCP); 2005.
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Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Nuclear Material Safeguards for Uranium Enrichment Plants: Part 3 Uranium Enrichment Plant Description and Material Control and Accountability. Program for Technical Assistance to the IAEA Safeguards; 2005. Report ISOP-347/R6.
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Lyon WS. Practical applications of activation analysis and other nuclear techniques. In: International symposium on applications and technology of ionizing radiations. Oak Ridge National Lab.; 1982. Report CONF-820335-3.
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Fleissner JG, Lemming JF, Jarvis JY. Study of a Two-Detector Method for Measuring Plutonium Isotopics. In: Proceedings of American Nuclear Society Topical Meeting on Measurement Technology for Safeguards and Material Control; 1979. p. 555-67.
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Pacak P. Non-Destructive Determination of the Uranium Enrichment without Use of Standards. Kernenergie. 1988;31(2).
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Sampson TE, Cremers TL, Hansen WJ. Nondestructive Assay for the ARIES Weapons Component Dismantlement System. In: American Nuclear Society Third Topical Meeting on DOE Spent Nuclear Fuel and Fissile Materials Management. Los Alamos National Lab.; 1988. Report LA-UR-97-5076.
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Koenig ZM, Buckley WM, Ruhter WD, Gunnnik R, Camp DC. Actinide isotopic analysis system for Los Alamos plutonium-handling facility. In: 32nd Institute of Nuclear Materials Management (INMM) annual meeting. Lawrence Livermore National Lab.; 1991. Report UCRL-JC-106147.
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Morel J, Chauvenet B. Intercomparison of plutonium isotopic composition measurements by X-and gamma-ray spectrometry; results from the Pidie exercise, final report. Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique; 1991. Report CEA-R-5582.
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Vo DT, Li TK. Testing the FRAM Isotopic Analysis Software for the DOE/ABACC Safeguards Cooperation Agreement. Los Alamos National Lab.; 2007. Report LA-UR-07-1158.
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Ceo RN, Harold NB, Tindal WC; Lockheed-Martin Energy Systems Y-12. Uranium holdup measurements at Building 9206. Nuclear Materials Management. 2000;29. Report Y/DK-1153.
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Russo PA, Meier AP, Rawool-Sullivan M. New, room-temperature gamma-ray detector for improved assay of plutonium. In: 38th annual meeting of the Institute of Nuclear Materials management. Los Alamos National Lab.; 1997. Report LA-UR-97-2782.
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Flynn AR. Field Determination of U-235 Enrichment by Portable Gamma-ray Spectrometry. Union Carbide Corp.; 1972. Report K-1819.
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Caldwell JT. New Techniques for the U-235 Enrichment Determination in UF-6 Cylinders. INMM Newsletter II, 2, 16. 1973.
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Jackson CNJ. Enrichment Tester for 0.15-3.0 Wt Hanford-Washington; 1964. Report HW-83427.
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Perrotta JA, Frazar S, McGinnis B. Cooperation on nondestructive assay isotopic enrichment measurement systems under the DOE/NNSA-ABACC safeguards cooperation agreement. In: INMM 47th Annual Meeting; 2006.
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Cooley JN, Fields LW, Hagenauer RC, Herron SA, Mayer RL, Whitaker JM. Nondestructive assay measurements of gaseous diffusion process equipment. In: 11th annual ESARDA symposium on safeguards and nuclear materials management. Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant; 1989. p. 605-9.
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Decman DJ, Glaser J, Hernandez JM, Luke SJ. Portable NDA equipment for enrichment measurements for the HEU transparency program. In: Institute of Nuclear Material Management 40th Annual Meeting. Lawrence Livermore National Lab.; 1999. Report UCRL-JC-135095.
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Decman DJ, Bandong BB, Wong JL, Valentine JD, Luke SJ. Portable NDA Equipment for Enrichment Measurements in the HEU Transparency Program. In: INMM 49th Annual Meeting. Lawrence Livermore National Lab.; 2008. Report LLNL-CONF-404405.
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Gunnink R, Tinney JF. ANALYSIS OF FUEL RODS BY GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY. California Univ., Livermore. Lawrence Radiation Lab.;1971. Report UCRL-51086.
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Gunnink R, Arlt R. IdentPro: Isotope identification software for analyzing illicit trafficking spectra; 2003. Report EUR–20700-EN.
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[Link]
Hagenauer RC, Mayer RL II. Methods for nondestructive assay holdup measurements in shutdown uranium enrichment facilities. In: 4th international conference on facility operations/safeguards interface. Oak Ridge K-25 Site; 1991. Report K/ITP-414.
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[Link]
Montgomery JB. Geometrically Controlled Partially Filled Interrogation Volume: A Nontraditional Approach to 235U Enrichment Measurement by Portable Germanium Spectrometer. Journal Nuclear Materials Management. 2005;33(2).
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Montgomery JB. Enhanced Techniques and Improved Results in 235U Enrichment Measurement of Large UF6 Cylinders by Portable Germanium Spectrometer. Journal Nuclear Materials Management. 2006;34(2).
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Krichinsky AM, Hickerson JW, Laughter MD, Pickett CA, Richardson GD, Rowe NC, et al. Evaluating Continuous Load-Cell Monitoring as an Effective Safeguards Strategy for Feed And Withdrawal Systems. In: INMM 49th Annual Meeting; 2008. .
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[Link]
Lewis KD. Field calibration of new (1984) shielded neutron detectors for uranium deposit estimates in the cascade. Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc.; 1987. Report POEF-T-3452.
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Ruhter WD, Gunnink R. Application of cadmium-zinc-telluride detectors in 235U enrichment measurements. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 1994;353(1):716-8.
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[Link]
Ruhter WD, Gunnink R, Baumann S, Abeynaike S, Verplancke J. MGA and passive neutron measurements. In: ESARDA International Workshop on Passive Neutron Coincidence Counting. Lawrence Livermore National Lab.; 1993. Report UCRL-JC-112888.
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[Link]
Sampson TE, Verrecchia GPD, Swinhoe MT, Schwalbach P. Test and Evaluation of the FRAM Isotopic Analysis Code for EURATOM Applications. Los Alamos National Lab.; 1998. Report LA-UR-98-2007.
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Sampson TE, Parker JL, Cowder LR, Kern EA, Garcia DL, Ensslin N. A state-of-the-art passive gamma-ray assay system. In: 9th annual meeting of the European Safeguards Research and Development Association: safeguards and nuclear material management. Los Alamos National Lab.; 1987. Report LA-UR-87-962.
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Sampson TE, Cremers TL, Vo DT, Seldiakov YP, Dorin AB, Kondrashov MV, et al. LANL/Green Star spectrometer tests; 1997. Report LA-UR–97-5026.
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Sampson TE, Vo DT, Cremers TL, Hypes PA, Seldiakov YP, Dorin AB, et al. LANL/Green Star Tests of the Green Star SBS-60 Spectrometer. Los Alamos National Lab.; 2001. Report LA-13778-MS.
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Sampson TE. Neutron Yields from Uranium Isotopes in Uranium Hexafluoride. Nuclear Science and Engineering. 1974;54(4):470-4.
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Chambers WH, Atwater HF, Fehlau PE, Hastings RD, Henry CN, Kunz WE, et al. Portal monitor for diversion safeguards. Los Alamos National Lab.; 1974. Report LA-5681.
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Solodov AA, Smith SE, Bogard JS. Uranium Isotopic and Quantitative Analysis Using a Mechanically-Cooled HPGe Detector. Oak Ridge National Lab.; 2006.
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Solodov AA, McGinnis B. Achievements on Nondestructive Assay Isotopic Enrichment Measurement Systems under the USDOE/NNSA-ABACC Safeguards Cooperation Agreement. In: INMM 48th Annual Meeting; 2007.
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Sprinkle JK Jr, Baxman HR, Langner DG, Canada TR, Sampson TE. The in-plant evaluation of a uranium NDA system. In: ANS topical conference. Los Alamos Scientific Lab.; 1979. Report LA-UR—79-3216.
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Swinhoe MT, Smith BGR, Wagner HG, Goerten JJ, Chare P, Schenkel R, et al. A survey of NDA instrumentation used routinely by the Euratom safeguards directorate. Commission of the European Communities (CEC); 1991. Report EUR–13686.
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Tobin SJ, Demuth SF, Fensin ML, Hendricks JS, Menlove HO, Swinhoe MT. Determination of Plutonium Content in Spent Fuel with NDA-Why an Integrated Approach? In: Institute of Nuclear Material Management 49th Annual Conference; 2008. Report LA-UR—08-03763.
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Tobin SJ, Fensin ML, Ludewigt BA, Menlove HO, Quiter BJ, Sandoval NP, et al. Determining Plutonium Mass in Spent Fuel with Nondestructive Assay Techniques – Preliminary Modeling Results Emphasizing Integration among Techniques. In: Global 2009. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab.; 2009. Report LBNL-2761E.
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Vocino V, Farese N, Maucq T, Verrecchia GPD, Nebuloni M. A programme for Euratom safeguards inspectors, used in the assay of high enriched (HEU) and low enriched (LEU) uranium fuel materials by active neutron interrogation; 1991. Report EUR–13686.
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[Link]
Vo DT, Russo PA, Sampson TE. Comparisons between digital gamma-ray spectrometer (DSPec) and standard nuclear instrumentation methods (NIM) systems. Los Alamos National Lab.; 1998. Report LA-13393-MS.
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[Link]
Vo DT, Russo PA. PC/FRAM plutonium isotopic analysis of CdTe gamma-ray spectra. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 2002;486(3):813-24. Report LA-UR-01-876.
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[Link]
Vo DT, Sampson TE, Staples P. Corrections for the emission probabilities of the intense gamma rays from sup 238U and applying them to uranium isotopic analysis. In: 39th Institute of Nuclear Materials Management (INMM) annual meeting. Los Alamos National Lab.; 1998. Report LA-UR-98-2941.
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Walton RB, Reilly TD, Parker JL, Menzel JH, Marshall ED, Fields LW. Measurements of UF6 Cylinders with Portable Instruments. Nuclear Technology. 1974;21(2):133-48.
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Ziock KP, Madison L, McGinnis BR, Mayer R, Royce RR, Brown A. Gamma-ray Imaging as a Tool for Uranium Processing Plants. Lawrence Livermore National Lab.; 1995. Report UCRL-JC-121598.
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Auguston RH. NDA Measurements for LEU Fuel Fabrication Facilities; 1983.
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Gunnink R, De Corte F, De Wispelaere A, Bossus D, van Sluijs R, Vervecken D. Calculation of peak-to-total ratios for GE detector spectra. In: International conference on methods and applications of radioanalytical chemistry. Lawrence Livermore National Lab.; 1994. Report UCRL-JC-115368.
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Mayer II RL, Fields LW, Cooley JN. Field Measurements in Support of Enrichment Measurement Procedures Development for type 30B UF6 Cylinders; 1989.
User guides
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Matussek P. Accurate Determination of the 235U Isotope Abundance by Gamma Spectrometry, A User’s Manual for the Certified Reference Material. Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe; 1985. Report KfK 3752.
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ASTM International. Standard Test Method for Measurement of 235U Fraction Using the Enrichment Meter Principle; 2008. Standard C-1514-08.
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Luke SJ, Leich DA, Knapp DA, Rowland M, Klem D, Kefgen B, et al. Field Testing of a New Portable HPGe Detector System Using the Enrichment Meter Principle for the Inspection of Uranium Oxide and Hexafluoride in Containers. In: 37th Annual Meeting of the Institute of Nuclear Materials Management; 1996.
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International Atomic Energy Agency. PMCN: Measurement of Uranium Enrichment and U-235 Mass; 1994. Report SG-NDA-5, rev. 1.
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International Atomic Energy Agency. PMCN: Measurement of UF, Enrichment and U-235 Mass;. Report SG-NDA-13, rev. 0.
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